Read this first for a quick primer. By the end you should know the basics of the following:
Frame materials and construction
Suspension types: 8-way hand-tie coil springs, sinuous springs, Pirelli webbing
Cushion materials
Upholstery quality and durability
Since I have an unusual fascination with furniture construction, I’ll show the difference between bad and good quality. First, the bad. This is a recent Flexsteel chair that retailed for around $800. Price paid: $150 on closeout at big box retailer. Flexsteel is a major name brand that is often touted as “quality” American-made furniture. Let’s have a look under the hood. Trigger warning!!!
Somehow the particular awfulness of this plywood–check out the knots and splintering–is outdone by the shoddy workmanship. Obvious “slap it together as quickly as possible” operation. The weird suspension is their namesake <rainbow> FLEX STEEL </rainbow> which appears to be some kind of flat spring alternative to sinuous springs.
For $150 I think it’s value, but you wouldn’t stake your life on it holding up forever, and know that furniture of this quality often sells for many multiples of the price paid. What I’m saying is that price is not a signal of quality at this level. The big box stores with huge overhead will gladly sell you a trendy piece for thousands that is just as poorly made as this chair, so you really need to know what you’re paying for.
Tip: If you buy anything from Big Furniture, go straight to the clearance / closeout items and avoid everything else. Don’t be afraid to haggle. I really only recommend buying this stuff if budget is tight or you need something quick or temporary.
Now I feel dirty and need to redeem this post. Let’s look inside an iconic classic, the Charles Pfister lounger for Knoll (stock photo):
The current direct prices on these are high ($6,000 for leather) but I’m not sure if they reflect actual prices paid. I found a pair in poor cosmetic condition several years ago and acquired them for next to nothing. The bottom cover was ripped on one so of course I had to look:
That’s 5/4 poplar. Boards are positioned for perpendicular grain orientation, bolted (green), and doweled (red). The cuts and joinery are perfect. Suspension is Pirelli webbing that’s stitched across the back. I’m not certain but I believe these chairs are older and may be slightly higher quality than you can expect from current production. This is what quality construction looks like on the inside though, but by no means is it the best you can possibly buy.
The exteriors were hideous which is how I was able to get them so cheaply. Acquiring quality-built furniture for pennies and having it reupholstered is good advice that you’ll frequently find if you research furniture long enough. It is absolutely what my upholsterer recommends. Of course, it helps to have some experience doing this to estimate costs and a working relationship with an upholsterer you trust.