At Beria’s trial in 1953, it became known that he had committed numerous rapes during the years he was NKVD chief.[51] Simon Sebag-Montefiore, a biographer of Stalin, concluded the information “reveals a sexual predator who used his power to indulge himself in obsessive depravity”.[52] After his death, charges of sexual abuse and rape were disputed by people close to him including his wife Nina and his son Sergo.[53]
According to official testimony, in Soviet archives, of Colonel Rafael Semyonovich Sarkisov and Colonel Sardion Nikolaevich Nadaraia – two of Beria’s bodyguards – on warm nights during the war Beria was often driven around Moscow in his limousine. He would point out young women to be taken to his mansion, where wine and a feast awaited them. After dining, Beria would take the women into his soundproofed office and rape them. Beria’s bodyguards reported that their duties included handing each victim a flower bouquet as she left the house. Accepting it implied that the sex had been consensual; refusal would mean arrest. Sarkisov reported that after one woman rejected Beria’s advances and ran out of his office, Sarkisov mistakenly handed her the flowers anyway. The enraged Beria declared, “Now it’s not a bouquet, it’s a wreath! May it rot on your grave!” The NKVD arrested the woman the next day.[52]
Women also submitted to Beria’s sexual advances in exchange for the promise of freedom for imprisoned relatives. In one case, Beria picked up Tatiana Okunevskaya, a well-known Soviet actress, under the pretence of bringing her to perform for the Politburo. Instead he took her to his dacha, where he offered to free her father and grandmother from prison if she submitted. He then raped her, telling her: “Scream or not, it doesn’t matter.” In fact Beria knew that Okunevskaya’s relatives had been executed months earlier. Okunevskaya was arrested shortly afterwards and sentenced to solitary confinement in the Gulag, which she survived.[54]
Stalin expressed distrust of Beria. In one instance, when Stalin learned his daughter Svetlana was alone with Beria at his house, he telephoned her and told her to leave immediately. When Beria complimented Alexander Poskrebyshev’s daughter on her beauty, Poskrebyshev quickly pulled her aside and instructed her, “Don’t ever accept a lift from Beria.”[55] After taking an interest in Marshal of the Soviet Union Kliment Voroshilov’s daughter-in-law during a party at their summer dacha, Beria shadowed their car closely all the way back to the Kremlin, terrifying Voroshilov’s wife.[ citation needed ]
Before and during the war, Beria directed Sarkisov to keep a list of the names and phone numbers of his sexual encounters. Eventually, he ordered Sarkisov to destroy the list as a security risk, but Sarkisov retained a secret copy. When Beria’s fall from power began, Sarkisov passed the list to Viktor Abakumov, the former wartime head of SMERSH and now chief of the MGB – the successor to the NKVD. Abakumov was already aggressively building a case against Beria. Stalin, who was also seeking to undermine Beria, was thrilled by the detailed records kept by Sarkisov, demanding: “Send me everything this asshole writes down!”[54] Sarkisov reported that Beria had contracted syphilis during the war, for which he was secretly treated (a fact Beria later admitted during his interrogation).[56] The Russian government acknowledged Sarkisov’s handwritten list of Beria’s victims in 2003; the victims’ names will be released in 2028.[ citation needed ]
Evidence suggests that Beria murdered some of these women. In the mid 1990s, the skeletal remains of several young women were discovered in the garden of his Moscow villa (now the Tunisian Embassy).[57] According to Martin Sixsmith, in a BBC documentary, “Beria spent his nights having teenagers abducted from the streets and brought here for him to rape. Those who resisted were strangled and buried in his wife’s rose garden.”[58]
The testimony of Sarkisov and Nadaraia has been partially corroborated by Edward Ellis Smith, an American who served in the U.S. embassy in Moscow after the war. According to historian Amy Knight, “Smith noted that Beria’s escapades were common knowledge among embassy personnel because his house was on the same street as a residence for Americans, and those who lived there saw girls brought to Beria’s house late at night in a limousine.”[59]